GEM Library

Building a GEM array begins with the creation of a GEM library, a collection of complementary DNA (cDNA) molecules that contain genetic information from the biological system of interest.
Arraying cDNA on Glass Chips

First, individual cDNA molecules are isolated into unique pools and amplified. Next, a micro-sample (containing about one-millionth the volume of a drop of water) of each cDNA is deposited on a glass surface in an array format with each gene occupying a unique location. The micro-samples are then chemically bonded to the glass.

Activating the GEM

Next, large portions from one half of the DNA’s double strands are removed. This process activates the individual elements of the array, preparing them to react and bind to their uniquely matched DNA counterparts in the cells being tested.

GEM technology can fit 10,000 unique genes on a single array, each gene 500-5000 base pairs in length.

Production Automation

Proprietary equipment makes it possible to mass-produce these arrays from gene libraries, providing an enormous potential increase in research productivity. Standardized, off-the-shelf UniGEM microarrays based on NCBI’s UniGene database are currently available and several GEM arrays based on Incyte cDNA clone libraries are under development. We also fabricate customized GEM arrays based on client cDNA libraries. Clients can use both customized and standard GEM arrays, depending on the emphasis of their research.

Through its acquisition of Synteni in January 1998, Incyte acquired the exclusive world-wide rights from Stanford University to commercialize GEM technology. Numerous U.S. and P.C.T. patent applications are currently pending, covering many broad aspects of this technology.